Media and Publishing

Industry Profile

Overview of the Media and Publishing Industry

The Media industry encompasses professionals and companies that produce, publish and distribute information. It involves traditional and digital media channels such as prints, radio, television, billboards, digital devices and the internet. The distribution of content through the internet across digital devices is known as new media. It can have interactive features to be more engaging to audiences. Public sector organisations that regulate the media and providers of services such as public relations and audience engagement measurement are also active players in the media industry.

The publishing industry traditionally involves creating and distributing printed works, such as books, newspapers, and magazines. However, with the advent of digital information systems, the scope has expanded to include electronic publishing such as eBooks, academic journals, micro-publishing, websites, blogs and video game publishing.

Public relations firms help manage and improve businesses or brands’ Credibility across industries. Public relations support the orientation of people’s thoughts about an industry. PR professionals help organisations gain a competitive edge by influencing connections and creating stronger brand credibility by focusing mainly on the right audience for better company growth.

Size of the Industry

Global
According to a 2022 report by the business research company (thebusinessresearchcompany.com), the “global media market size is expected to grow from $1989.55 billion in 2021 to $2232.62 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.2%.” The size of the publishing sector alone is worth $109 billion, with about 295,590 employees working in 40965 operating companies in the industry in 2021(ibisworld.com).

Statista.com projected the media’s contribution to global GDP to be 2.31% in 2021. Unfortunately, data on the number of international media industry employees are unavailable. Still, in the USA alone, about 2.1 million jobs were available in the film and television industry in 2018.

Africa
The media industry in Africa’s biggest economies: Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa, keeps growing. According to a PwC report, the media industry in Nigeria was $4 billion in 2019, while the sector in Kenya reached $1.8 billion.

The publishing sector of the industry in Africa is gaining rapid momentum in its revenue, adding a rate of 6% per year. A report by the Nigerian Publishers association suggested that about $1 billion has been contributed annually to the GDP.

Ghana
The Ghanaian newspaper market totalled US$15 million in 2017, up 13.6% from the previous year. Over the next five years, Ghana’s market will grow at an 8.0% CAGR, driven by steady growth in the country’s small but solid print newspaper market and double-digit gains in digital titles, albeit these are from a very low base. In 2022, Ghana’s newspaper market will total US$22 million.

Ghana’s magazine market will increase at a 2.2% CAGR over the next five years, reaching US$10.9 million in 2022, up from US$9.8 million in 2017. Revenue from consumer magazines will end in 2022 at the same level as in 2017: US$7.7 million. Revenue from trade magazines will rise from US$2.1 million in 2017 to US$3.2 million in 2022. Trade magazines make up a minor part of the magazine market in Ghana, with consumer magazines dominating total revenue. However, this will change a little over the coming years because trade magazines are growing faster than consumer magazines, driven by growth in digital access and by the attractiveness of the country’s stable, growing economy.

The media market in Ghana is regarded as one of Africa’s freest and most competitive, with a variety of outlets across several media. The Reporters Without Borders ranked Ghana 41st in its Freedom of the Press index in 2011, behind just six other African countries and ahead of several more established democracies, such as the US (47th) and South Korea (44th).

The Ministry of Information is charged with disseminating all government-related information, managing the Information Services Department, the state-news provider Ghana News Agency, the state-television broadcaster Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, and the National Film and Television Institute. The National Media Commission (NMC) is the independent regulatory government agency.

Radio is the country’s most prevalent media outlet, with 75% of homes having radios in 2009. Indeed, radio has dominated the media scene since the British colonial government introduced it in 1935.

According to 2017 second quarter radio stations report by Ghana’s National Communications Authority (NCA), the country is home to 392 operating radio stations, of which the majority are commercial. In addition, the state-owned Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) owns and runs 31 stations across the country. There are also 22 campuses and five public (foreign) stations in operation.

Kenya
According to Statista the entertainment and media revenue in 2018 stood at 1.82 billion US dollars. It is projected to climb to 2.96 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. The number of frequency modulation (FM) radio stations was 173 in 2018, while free-to-air television stations stood at 75. The number of digital signal distributors in the country remained at five. In contrast, digital terrestrial television set-top box (STB) subscriptions stood at 4.5 million. Cable TV subscriptions declined by 5.6 % to 160,200, while direct-to-home satellite subscriptions expanded by 14.6 % to 1.3 million subscribers in 2019.

Kenya is a leader in the conversion to DTT in Africa. It has licensed two signal distributors KBC – Signet and Pan African Group (PANG) – which the Government has contracted to cover more than 68% of the population by mid-2016. Kenya’s TV household penetration rate was estimated at 32% in 2014. However, free-to-air broadcasting is still the primary access method in over 85% of TV households. Pay-TV services in main cities account for approximately 561,500 of the country’s 12 million households. DTT has an overall 56% market share of total Pay-TV users, followed by DTH with 36%, and then the cable system of Zuku (Wanachi).

The circulation of daily newspapers dropped by 10% at the end of 2019 due to the online readership of newspapers. Similarly, weekly English newspapers in circulation decreased by 5.9 % over the same period. However, the average online readership of digital newspapers went up by 23.1 % in 2019. The country has 158 licensed radio stations, all on air. In addition, Kenya has over 80 licensed television broadcasters, of which seven (KBC, KTN, NTV, Citizen, K24, Kiss TV and Inooro) are operationally prominent. There are six daily newspapers in Kenya: Daily Nation, Standard, Star, People Daily, Business Daily and Taifa Leo.

Nigeria
According to data from the International Trade Administration, Nigeria’s video and television industry in 2020 was valued at $800 million. This is a 7.49% increase from $732 million in 2018 (trade.gov). The report also estimates the industry in Nigeria will contribute about 10 million (21.2%) television subscribers out of the 47.26 million pay-TV subscribers in Africa by 2025.

South Africa
According to PwC, South Africa’s entertainment and media industry is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4% from R112.7 billion in 2014 to R176.3 billion in 2019. The growth will be fuelled by digital spending as South Africa’s internet connection market keeps expanding.

A forecast by Statista shows that the revenue in the South African media market will reach US$4.79bn in 2022, of which about 21% of the total revenue in South Africa’s media sector will be generated through digital media in 2027. Also, the market’s largest segment will be the traditional media, with a market volume of $3.94bn in 2022.

According to PwC, it is anticipated that sales of books, periodicals, and newspapers will increase by R1.3 billion. Total book sales will rise from R3,828 million in 2014 to R3,967 million in 2019. TV subscriptions, advertising, and licence fees will also increase to reach R40.9Billion by 2019.

The country has 40 commercial/public radio stations and 256 community stations, totalling 296. The South African Advertising Research Foundation reports that South Africans spend an average of three-and-a-half hours daily listening to the radio. The SABC’s African language stations, Ukhozi FM, the Zulu cultural service, Umhlobo Wenene (Xhosa), with 2,43 million listeners, and Lesedi FM (Sesotho), with 2,14 million listeners, are the biggest radio stations in South Africa.

Recent Trends

Citizen Journalism
Citizen journalism is a term used to describe the reporting of news by citizens via social media and other public platforms. People who are not journalists by training are reporting the news with cameras to record events. The people involved are not professionals. They write, shoot videos and post them online using their social media accounts like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, personal blog etc.
Audiobooks and podcasts
Audiobook publishing involves the production of audiobooks by recording the contents of books into audio for distribution. Similar to Audiobooks are podcasts which are fast replacing the traditional radio and are accessible on different platforms. The ease of access makes podcasts an integral part of daily life. People use them to relax, get motivated, learn new skills and stay updated with trending news.
Bite-Sized content
The widespread use of information technology and media, especially social media, has ensured access to diverse and sometimes too much information. Unfortunately, this means people’s attention span has decreased. As a result, producing short articles (less than 500 words) and short videos of about 30 seconds or less may be necessary to get people’s attention and pass across relevant information
Electronic readers
Over the years, people have become used to reading on their devices rather than carrying bulks of hard copies. A typical E-reader has a wireless connection to download books. It is versatile enough to handle other tasks such as taking notes. Although a mobile device can substitute for an electronic reader, there are specially dedicated e-readers, e.g. Amazon’s Kindle and Sony Reader.
Subscription Newsletters:
A newsletter is leveraging the power of email marketing to create a large audience by disseminating relevant information and receiving feedback at regular intervals. Authors can offer sample chapters, free books, and tips to those who subscribe to their newsletter. It is an excellent way to keep in touch with the audience.
Self Publishin
Authors now have access to self-publishing tools such as Amazon Kindle direct publishing, Lulu, IngramSpark, Redsy, kobo, and Apple books. It gives them total control over their work and drastically cuts the cost of traditional publishing. In addition, all the steps involved in the publishing process, such as editing, book type and format, interior and the book cover design, and the distribution and promotion of the book, are possible on a single platform.

Government Agencies

International
Independent Press Standards Organisation

Ghana
National Communications Authority, National Media Commission, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Information, Ghana News Agency, The Ghana Publishing Company, Information Services Department

Kenya
The Communication Authority of Kenya, Kenya Broadcasting Corporation

Nigeria
National Broadcasting Commission, Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria (BON), Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), Nigerian Press Council

South Africa
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa

Innovation Opportunities

Digitalisation in the Industry

There are several innovations and opportunities for research in the Media industry in Africa. These include:

Artificial intelligence and augmented reporting
Augmented reporting is the future of reporting, using frontier technologies like Machine Learning and Data Visualization for news content generation, analysis and reporting. Another name for this sort of reporting is ‘automated journalism.

Data visualisation
Data storytelling goes hand in hand with visual communication and the visual representation of data. When clients need to communicate complex data clearly and intuitively to a targeted audience, there is a need to design sleek statistical graphs, charts, information graphics, and more. Data visualisation can effectively improve audience understanding.

Going Digital
While printed versions of books and magazines will continue to exist in the coming years, there is a definite trend towards digital publication, with 44% of the world population reading online. Moreover, going digital makes content richer, with the insertion of multimedia (audio, video) stuff that is gaining more and more share with the public.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) of Intellectual Property
Using the internet and digital platforms has made it easy for people to violate the copyright of digital content. Authors can use DRM tools such as Bynder, Caplinked and Digify to prevent people from using copyrighted materials illegally. Media creators can use these tools to prevent editing, copying, and sharing digital content without the owner’s consent.

Rise of machine-generated content
Thanks to the recent developments in artificial intelligence and natural language processing, automatically generated content reached a level of similarity to human-generated content that is impressive. As a result, some companies and blogs successfully use this kind of content for their websites.

Expansion into OTT delivery systems
Many TV stations are expanding their news coverage on OTT [over the top] delivery systems like Apple TV and Roku. This creates a significant opportunity for local TV stations and broadcast meteorologists.

Migration from Analogue to Digital
A significant technology change in TV broadcasting is delivery technologies. The ATSC 3.0 makes for a more interactive television experience. Another technology, 5G wireless networks, will allow for a much richer experience due to higher capacity data delivery.

Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation

Fake News
The threat of fake news and disinformation increases with the popularity of social media news such as Facebook newsfeed. It is gradually seeping into the mainstream media. Fake news has damaging consequences, such as reducing the desired impact of factual information and breaching the trust in media outlets.
Deep Fake content
Deep fake contents are the upgrade of photo and video manipulation technology. Deep Fakes, according to Wikipedia, use powerful machine learning algorithms to alter an existing image or video of someone into the likeness of another. As a result, the created content can easily deceive anyone. However, deep fakes were invented and are helpful for academic purposes and theatres. Today, its use has degenerated into fraudulent financial activities, pornographic content, fake news, and child abuse.
Copyright and piracy issues
Unlike in the past, the increase in digital devices that people can use to access books, magazines, etc., makes it challenging to control piracy. For example, people can get the exact copy of a book with all the details for free and faster than how they can get the legitimate content. Similarly, the use of social media has blurred the copyright regulations as copyrighted images, audio and videos are widely spread without caution.
Government Crackdown
Several countries have experienced government crackdowns on independent and even social media, a gross violation of human rights. This usually happens when the government is trying to control a political situation, war or the government’s reputation. Unfortunately, this is widely practised in many African countries. An example is a recent ban of Twitter in Nigeria.
Political Ownership of Media
Ownership has a significant bearing on the objectivity of a media outlet. Media owned by the government or a political party will tend towards the party’s interest at the expense of objective reporting. Even private media that claim to be independent will likely serve the political interest of their proprietors, especially in developing countries.
Endangered lives of media personnel
Opinions or assertions by media personnel that do not serve the interest of a government are often criminalised, especially in countries where human rights are not fully established. This creates a fear of danger, attack, or uncertainty, which usually gets in the way of good journalism and professionalism.
Falling Revenues for traditional Media; low advertising revenue, and the rise of Digital Media
It is self-evident that most audiences are moving to online channels, drastically affecting traditional media companies’ finances, especially in the publishing sector. The adverse effect of the covid-19; pandemic worsened the impact as thousands of journalists lost their jobs and several publishing firms filed for bankruptcy.
Compensation and benefits are poor; many journalists are freelance. According to a 2019 report by the Guardian, many media houses in Nigeria are not doing well financially due to shrinking revenues from adverts. As a result, many have laid off their staff, while others offer them freelancing deals. This leaves journalists vulnerable to compromising and overlooking the ethics of their Profession.

Relevant Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 4
Quality Education
The industry is at the forefront of educating the population in many countries. Activities such as forging connections between experts, civil society and readers/viewers and organising workshops at junior, and senior secondary schools, universities, and special needs institutes are ways the media Industry promotes quality education as an SDG goal.

SDG 10
Reduced Inequality
Edu-tainment, the use of mass entertainment media for changing social norms and behaviour, is a valuable tool for addressing inequality in Communities. The media can be used to create visible shifts in social norms through stories, awareness, and facilitation of social justice discussions.

SDG 13
Climate Action
The media can bridge the world of science and local communities by presenting research and innovation in a way people can understand. The media also provide a platform for scientists to interact and collaborate to provide solutions to climate issues.

Research Themes and Areas

Research areas in the media industry include:

Media, Censorship and Propaganda; Media and the Freedom of Speech; Freelance Journalism; Communication and Media Psychology.

Science in the Media; International Journalism; Influence of Media and Culture; Information Systems in the Media Industry; Media Transformations; New Production and Consumption Practices; Globalisation, Diversity and Identity in Media and Culture.

Social-Political Impacts of Media and Publishing; Traditional vs New Media; New Business Models in Media and Publishing; Impact of Social Media on the Media and Publishing Industry.

Role of Social media and the Internet in disinformation; Media for Educational use; The Role of Media in promoting social justice.

Information and the Media: Various aspects of communication, communication for development, indigenous communication, education, old and new media, Language Arts, etc., including their roles in information dissemination and interventions in COVID-19 Pandemic.

Career Opportunities

Careers, Roles and Salary Trends

Many careers in the media and publishing industry are available to graduates. Roles include Media Researcher; Editor; Content Writer; Graphic Designer; PR Specialist; Digital Producer; Video Editor; Social Media Specialist; Radio Show Host – On-Air Personality; News Anchor; Translator/ Interpreter; Journalist; Photographer; Brand Strategist; Web Developer/Publisher/Manager; Literary Agent, Editor, Proofreader, Book Designer, Publishing Manager; Advertising Manager; Sound Engineer; Blogger; Publisher, Book Buyer and Publicist, Production Editors, Copy Editors, Literary Scouts, Book Editor.

According to ZipRecruiter, the highest paying jobs in the media, punishing and public relations industry include: media consultant, digital media buyer, sports analyst, media producer, advertising sales director, social media manager/consultant, brand manager, news director, broadcast producer, technical writer, and video editor.

Top Employability Skills and Relevance

Communication & Persuasion
Media professionals must be able to express themselves clearly in speaking, writing or any other form to inform, educate or persuade their audience to action. In addition, they must be able to communicate facts with data and empathy as they may be required.
Creativity & Critical Thinking
The Media industry demands a lot of innovation and originality in content and presentation. Therefore, a media and publishing professional must be highly imaginative and creative. In addition, a creative professional able to link previously existing ideas has a competitive edge.
Professionalism & Industry Awareness. Media Professionals are public figures who are instrumental in shaping the culture of communities. Media companies want employees who demonstrate integrity, command respect and good character through communication, dressing, punctuality and relationships. In addition, professionals in the industry must be conversant with plagiarism, copyright, and other literary rules that can damage the reputation and hinder the profitability of their companies.
Networking & Teamwork
The media and publishing industry provides a lot of opportunities to build relationships. For example, connecting with news sources, producers, publishers, and book distributors. Media professionals always need collaboration to function effectively. From gathering information or news sources to receiving feedback on a project or doing research, media and public relations professionals need others to complete a task.
Continual Learning & Adaptation
These skills are essential, especially when reporting on a new subject matter. It is important to learn quickly. It is a fast-paced industry; it is crucial to adapt to new work environments and digital platforms such as TikTok, Twitter etc.
Digital Skills in the Industry
The most relevant digital skills in the industry are content development and social media communication. Media professionals need to be social media savvy and use content management systems and writing tools like plagiarism checkers, editing software, etc.

Relevant Degrees, Certifications and Qualifications

Here are degrees native to the media, publishing and public relations industries. Many tertiary institutions offer first degrees in the following:

Mass Communication, Communication & Mass Media, Journalism and Mass Communication, Communication and Media, Journalism and Media Studies, Journalism, Digital Journalism, Journalism (Broadcast), Digital Media, Communication and Language Arts, Arts and communication, Literature in English, English, Radio and Television Production, Public Relations, Public relations journalism, Communication and business marketing, Advertising, Communication and Media, Advertising and marketing, Digital Advertising, Film and Multimedia Studies, Development Communication Studies, Information and Media Studies, Strategic Communication.

A post-graduate degree in the following can aid career progression, especially for roles that require specialisation. In addition, a second degree in the following can be helpful.

Mass Communication, Journalism, Sports Broadcast Journalism, Post Production Editing, Publishing, International Journalism, Creative Writing and Publishing, Digital Journalism, Journalism and Media Communications with Advanced Research, Investigative Reporting, Global Journalism and Public Relations, Investigative Journalism.

Tips for Entry

The easiest way to start a career in the media and publishing industry is to get a degree in Communications or related fields such as English, literature and journalism. Writing and reporting for campus magazines, TV, or radio may provide enough work experience for many entry-level and middle-level positions, especially in companies that value volunteering. Nowadays, social media platforms such as YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, etc., allow individuals to make and publish media content, to reach a large audience.

Volunteering provides an experience that can be valuable in the workplace, for example, submitting news stories for campus publications. On the other hand, working freelance is typical in the industry. As such, networking can be a valuable skill. Work towards visibility even before profit—gain experience in university’s media outfit such as campus news, blog and radio. Learn how to pitch and edit and write.

In addition, starting a new media company has become easy due to the powerful awareness capabilities of social media. You must define your range/audience first and then create engaging content that provides value to the specific audience. Finally, build an audience base by encouraging people to subscribe to get more from your services.

Working in the Industry

Most roles in the Media and public relations industry will involve communication and making connections with people. Work activities include exposure to different cultures, which requires cultural intelligence to avoid conflicts. Working conditions in the industry can be very demanding and exhausting; employees usually work beyond working hours or around the clock to meet deadlines or bring out their creativity.

The evolving nature of the industry demands that media professionals keep learning on the job. For example, employees in the publishing sector will have to read manuscripts upon manuscripts, write reviews, and edit lots of writing.

Industry Champions

International Industry Champions
Christiane Amanpour, Larry King, Richard Quest, Larry Madowo

Ghana Industry Champions
Paul Adom Otchere, Stacy Amoateng, Elaine Alexis Attoh, Kobby Kyei, Sika Official, David Asante Boateng, Kwaku Sakyi-Addo

Kenya Industry Champions
Adele Onyango, Boniface Mwangi, Elias Makori, Janet Mbugua, Jeff Koinange, John Allan Namu, Larry Madowo, Victoria Rubadiri, Mashirima Kapombe, Samuel Macharia

Nigeria Industry Champions
Reuben Abati, Kadaria Ahmed, Ayeni Adekunle, Cyril Stober, Funmi Iyanda, Nduka Obaigbena, Kabiru Yusuf.

South Africa Industry Champions
Bonang Matheba, Cynthia Nyongesa, Phumelela Mashego, Bertus Basson, Felicia Mabuza-Suttle, Lasizwe Dambuza, Justin Bonello, Koos Bekker.

Industry and Professional Bodies

International
International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR), The Association for Women in Communications, News Media Alliance, The International Publishers Association (IPA)

Ghana
Ghana Publishers Association, Ghana Journalists Association, Ghana Independent Broadcasters Association

Kenya
Kenya Union of Journalists (KUJ), Kenya Publishers Association

Nigeria
Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ), Nigerian Guild of Editors, Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR), The Nigerian Publishers Association (NPA), Media Independent Practitioners Association of Nigeria – MIPAN

South Africa
Southern African Communications Industries Association, South African National Editors’ Forum, Freedom of Expression Institute (FXI).

Leading Employers, Companies and Startups

International
ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, CBS Radio, Bloomberg, Clear Channel Communications, Cumulus Media, Sirius XM Radio, Hachette Book Group, HarperCollins, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), iHeartMedia Inc., National Public Radio Inc., News Corp., The New York Times Company, Daily Mail and General Trust Plc, Sinclair Broadcasting Co., E. W. Scripps, Tribune Media Co., Daily Journal Corporation, Gannet Co. Inc., The McClatchy Company, A. H. Belo Corporation, APCO Worldwide, Edelman, Ketchum Publico, Weber Shandwick Cologne, Finn Partners, Ogilvy, BlueFocus, Porter Novelli, 360PR+, Burson-Marsteller, WE Communications, Gregory FCA, University Press, Routledge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Palgrave, Macmillan publishers, Wiley, Penguin Random House, Pearson, Scholastic, McGraw Hill Education, Oxford University Press, Thomson Reuters, Hachette, RELX Group, Wolters Kluwer, Shueisha, Springer Nature, News Corp, Simon and Schuster.

Startups
Inkitt, Accedo, Magine, Recount Media, Blue Studio, Proxicoin, Pressful, SpectatAR, Newsworthy Presents, STIRR, Television AI, Holographics, Spectrum News, Brodia Media and Network Private Limited, The River Productions, GRM, Tin Can, Ruby Media Group LLC, Nested Realities, Digital Realism Studio, The Open Office, BuzzFeed, Vice Media, Axios

Ghana
Metro TV, Despite Media, Pulse Ghana, Smartline Publishing limited, Ghanaian Chronicle, Accra Daily Mail, The Ghanaian Times, Daily Graphic Ghana, Sub-Saharan Publishers, Adwinsa Publishers, Peace FM Online, EOnlineGH.com, Ghana Sports Online, Herald, Adomonline.com, Mfidie.com, Atinka News, Glusea.com, Voice of Ghana, Ghana News Prime, fifty7Tech, Ghana Plus, HypeghNewsroom, Afia Ghana, My News Ghana, BrownGH, AfiaGhana.com, The Enquirer

Kenya
Multichoice Group, The Standard Group, Nation Media Group, Royal Media Services, BBC News Kenya, Radio Africa, ABC, GroupM, Pearson Education Kenya, Booktalk Africa, WordAlive Publishers Limited, Focus Publishers Limited, Kenya News Agency, Business Daily Africa, K24 TV, Taifa Leo, Diaspora Messenger, KBC, Daily Post, Nairobi Wire, The Star, Nation Kenya, All Africa Kenya, The Independent Kenya, Capital FM, Ghafla, Mpasho, Mwakilishi.com, The Guardian Kenya

Nigeria
News Agency of Nigeria, Africa Independent Television, Channels TV, Arise TV, Degue Broadcasting Network, KAFTAN TV, ONTV Nigeria, Plus TV Africa, Complete Sports, Consolidated Media Associates, Daily Champion, Daily Nigerian, Daily Times (Nigeria), Media Trust Nigeria Ltd, Guardian Newspapers, Punch Newspapers Ltd, Vanguard Newspapers, This Day, Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited, LearnAfrica, Kachifo Limited, Masobe Books, National Network, Netng, New Nigerian, News Digest, Newsdiary online, Newswatch Communications, Ripples Nigeria, Nigerian Compass, P.M. News, Premium Times, Red Africa, Silverbird Group, The Sun (Nigeria), Literamed (Laterna) Books, Tell Communications, The Native, TheNEWS magazine, Triumph, Big Cabal Media, TechPoint, Health Watch Nigeria, Red Media Africa, Blackhouse Media, Nelson Reid’s, DeCritic, Firecracker PR, Media Accent, Misting Communications, SOL PR, Robert Taylor Media, Evans Brothers Limited, Rasmed, Cassava Republic, Literamed Publications, Bookcraft Africa, Spectrum House, Macmillian Publisher, Learn Africa Plc, Jasper Books, Convex Publisher, Okadabooks Stears, and The Republic Nigeria.

South Africa
Media24, Paarl Media, Naspers Ltd, African Media Entertainment, Kagiso Media, New Media Publishing, Times Media Group Limited, ITWeb, AVUSA, ANN7, South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), MultiChoice Group, Discovery Inc, Pearson, ABC, GroupM, Universal Music Group, MPC, Elsevier, Macmillan Publishers, BBC, Sony Music Entertainment, Oxford University Press, Business Day, City Press, Daily Maverick, Daily Sun, Mail & Guardian, Telkom Media, Newzroom Afrika.

Resources for Further Learning

Publications
Media Industries Journal
Variety
Broadcasting & Cable
SSN Insider
Speakeasy (Wall Street Journal)
Publishing Perspective
Show Magazine
IPR Rights Magazine

Events
Nigeria International Film and TV Summit
Africa Media Summit 3.0
Ake Arts and Book Festival
Nigeria International Book Fair
Digiday Publishing Summit LIVE
News Impact Summit
Digital Media Europe
Lagos Book and Art Festival
The Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) Annual Convention
Abuja Literary Fest (AliitFest)

Podcasts
On the Media
NewsMediaAlliance NewsTake
The Media Podcast with Matt Deegan
The Digiday Podcast
Record Media
The Media Show
Media Voices Podcast
Book Marketing Shows
On Publishing
The Vintage Podcast
The Business of Content
The Guardian Books Podcast
The Penguin Podcast

Movies
Citizen Kane
Spotlight
The Insider
Nightcrawler
The Newsroom
All the President’s Men
The Proposal (2009)
The Agent (2008)
The Devil Wears Prada (2006)
You’ve Got Mail (1998)
Wonder Boys (2000)

Books
Preface to Plato by Eric A Havelock
The Printing Press as an Agent of Change by Elizabeth L Eisenstein

The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications by Paul Starr

Raymond Williams on Culture and Society: Essential Writings by Raymond Williams
Media Unlimited by Todd Gitlin

The Business of Media Distribution: Monetizing Film, TV, and Video Content in an Online World

Red Carpet: Hollywood, China, and the Global Battle for Cultural Supremacy by Erich Schwartz El

Here’s Johnny!: My Memories of Johnny Carson, The Tonight Show, and 46 Years of Friendship by Ed McMahon

Book Wars: The Digital Revolution in Publishing by J. B. Thompson

Merchants of Culture: The Publishing Business in the Twenty-First Century by J. B. Thompson

Inside Book Publishing: Giles Clark and Angus Phillip.

The Book Business: What Everyone Needs to Know by Mike Shatzkin and Roger Riger

Explore Further