Global View
According to a 2017 World Bank report, food and agribusiness is a US$ 5 trillion industry that represents 10 percent of global consumer spending. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) employ the largest numbers of people globally both in developed and developing countries. By 2018, ​​agriculture accounted for 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) and exceeded 25% in countries at the lowest ranking of developing countries. The agribusiness industry is one of the most crucial to the economy of nations, as it has been proven that growth  in the agriculture sector is two to four times more effective in raising incomes among the poorest compared to other sectors. Findings in 2016 also revealed that 65% of poor working adults made a living through agriculture. This has led to the need to implement farm-to-fork strategies that transitions farming into agribusiness for the delivery of economic dividend to smallholder farmers, most especially in developing countries.

Africa
Africa has vast agricultural potential; its agribusiness sector is to reach an estimated US$1 trillion by 2030. Agribusiness is on course to become the next crude oil on the continent. Africa is home to 60% of the world’s arable land and has the potential to meet its own food needs and those of the rest of the world. Agriculture is an important economic sector in Africa. It employs most of the population and accounts for 14% of GDP in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ghana
The World Bank reported that Ghana’s agricultural sector’s growth rate was 19.7% in 2021.
In 2021, Ghana imported an estimated $1.9 billion in agricultural and related products. About 8% ($156.6 million) of the total import value constituted imports from the United States, an increase of approximately 48.0% over the previous year’s value ($105.6 million). 

As Ghana’s underdeveloped food processing sector cannot meet increasing demand, food and agricultural imports will continue to grow. Food imports mainly comprise bulk, intermediate, and consumer-oriented commodities such as rice, wheat, soybean meal, and poultry.

In 2018 and 2019, Ghana’s agricultural output grew, driven mainly by government policy and expenditure. According to the Ghana Statistical Service, in the third quarter of 2019, agriculture grew 5.5% year-over-year, outpacing the same year’s general non-oil GDP growth. The government’s industrialisation and productivity improvement programmes are expected to increase the agriculture sector’s output. And also create jobs, and encourage greater participation by the private sector. 

According to Mordor Intelligence, Ghana’s Agriculture market is projected to reach a CAGR of 4.2% between 2022 and 2027.

Kenya
Agriculture is the pillar of the economy. It contributes approximately 33 per cent of Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs over 40 per cent of the total population and more than 70 per cent of the rural population. The Kenyan Agricultural industry accounts for 65 per cent of the export earnings. It provides the livelihood (employment, income and food security needs) for more than 80 per cent of the Kenyan population. In addition, it contributes to improving nutrition by producing safe, diverse and nutrient-dense foods. 

However, agricultural productivity has declined recently. Smallholder farmers and farming enterprises continue to face challenges growing their businesses and improving the quality of agricultural goods. Kenya’s major agricultural exports are tea, coffee, cut flowers, and vegetables. 

Since 2013, Kenya has been undergoing agricultural reforms that will spur growth. Sectoral laws have been consolidated and harmonised to create a new regulatory framework. Kenya constantly faces supply deficits in most food sectors. However, the country uses instruments under the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the East African Community (EAC) agreements to limit food imports. Both agreements provide high non-member tariffs on sensitive commodities, including meat, dairy, poultry, maise, rice, wheat, and beans. In addition, subsidies still exist in specific sectors, mainly seed and fertiliser systems. 

Nigeria
The AgriBusiness sector in Nigeria contributes 24% to the GDP, with $70 billion. Therefore, it is a crucial sector in the Nigerian economy. The industry employs an estimated 60% of Nigerians, including many rural women. Like other African countries, Nigeria’s agriculture primarily focuses on food crops for the domestic market.

South Africa
South Africa has by far the most advanced, fruitful, and diverse agricultural industry in all of Africa. It is well-positioned to weather further economic and weather-related uncertainties because of its well-developed agriculture sector.  

According to a report by the NAMC, the sector experienced a growth rate of 18.5% in the first quarter of 2020. In 2020, the total income in the agriculture and related services industry in South Africa amounted to almost 371 billion South African rands (around 23.62 billion U.S. dollars). This increased compared to the previous year when the sector generated nearly 357 billion South African rands (22.73 billion U.S. dollars) in the agriculture industry.

There are over 32,000 commercial farmers in South Africa, and between 5,000 and 7,000 of them provide about 80% of the country’s agricultural output, according to Trade.gov.

Access to Services for Smallholder Farmers through Digital Technologies
Smallholder farmers make the bulk of agricultural producers in developing countries. However, their productivity includes limited access to financial services, improved productivity inputs, mechanised farming equipment, storage facilities, information, and markets. However, mobile phones have seen massive adoption in developing countries. This adoption has provided an opportunity for a growing number of AgriTech companies to offer digital solutions that provide improved access to the services smallholder farmers need but lack. These solutions help improve smallholder farmers’ access to financial services, farm inputs, fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, and farm equipment.

Crowdsourcing to finance farmers
Crowdsourcing (gathering information or resources from the public through technological platforms) offers vast opportunities to improve the flow of information. Still, it has been largely untapped by the agriculture sector. Funders can finance the farming cycles of different agricultural commodities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic challenged this trend. Consequently, these disrupted markets and bad actors have taken advantage of the growing interest in agricultural finance to perpetrate fraud.

Vertical Farming in Urban Centres
Land is a scarce commodity in urban areas and is expensive when available. Therefore, it has led to innovations in urban farming to make use of as little land as possible. One of such is vertical farming. Vertical farming is the agricultural process in which crops are grown on top of each other rather than in traditional, horizontal rows. It aids space conservation while producing a higher crop yield per square foot of land.

Hydroponics and Aquaponics
Hydroponics is the growing of plants in nutrient-supplemented water, with or without the mechanical support of an inert medium like sand, gravel, or perlite. It is also called aquaculture, mariculture, soilless culture, or tank farming. Aquaponics essentially integrates hydroponics and aquaculture systems. The wastes and metabolites produced by cultured fish are removed by nitrification and taken up by the plants. It is a simple, sustainable food production technology in areas with drought or the need to conserve water.

Plant-based alternatives increase
According to the FAO, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions will rise by 4% by 2030. Livestock farming accounts for more than 80% of this increase. As a result, more consumers are eating plant-based alternatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their meals. However, livestock farming for meat production is one of the highest contributors to carbon emissions in the Agricultural sector. It has led to increased innovation for alternatives to meat production from alternative sources such as plant proteins and cells from animals to make lab-grown meats. According to Verified Market Research, the international vegan fast-food market size was valued at $17bn in 2020. It is projected to reach $40.3bn by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 11.4% between 2021 and 2028. 

Waste reduction and sustainability
The FAO identifies “reducing food loss and waste through a coherent set of policies and investments in food production, harvesting, handling, packaging, storage, transportation, processing and marketing” as a critical policy area to enable food supply chains to lower the costs of nutritious foods. Consequently, future-proofing global food supply chains to improve the food system’s sustainability while meeting the challenge of feeding the world will be an essential item on the agribusiness agenda.

Use of Drones
Drones have many uses in agriculture. Farmers can use them to capture farm imagery for analysis and precision agriculture. Furthermore, they are used for aerial surveillance of farms. Drones are also used in experiments to supplement the pollination efforts due to the declining population of bees. The agriculture industry has started to use drones in automated crop harvesting, which has the potential to deliver fresh farm produce to homes.

Genetic Editing for New Breeds
Scientists use CRISPR/Cas9 to edit genes. It allows them to identify, replace or remove specific gene sequences on a DNA strand. For example, CRISPR has been used to alter a cow’s gut microbes to control the animal’s size and reduce its methane production. Microbiome adjustment of cows could result in more meat produced on less food. Consequently leads to industry efficiency and increased profitability.

Index Insurance for Farmers in Developing Countries
Traditional insurance can be expensive for smallholder farmers who constitute the majority of producers in developing nations. A majority of them do not even farm with assets that may require the policies provided by agricultural insurance companies. Index insurance offers a cheaper alternative to traditional insurance by using a parameter (this can be weather, market prices, yield) which can be triggered at certain pre-defined levels. Inputs such as seeds and fertilizers can have index insurance plans to compensate the farmer if there was a flood just after the end of the planting season. Making it possible for the input company to compensate the farmer with new seeds or fertilizer supply.

They include:

• Agricultural Production: development of improved planting inputs (seeds, stems, etc.); development and selection of fertilisers suitable for an ecology; design and development of machinery for agricultural production; development and selection of environmentally-friendly insecticides/pesticides.
• Agricultural Processing – development of:  aquaculture for fish seed and table seed production; livestock for milk and other dairy products, micro livestock for meat and improved animal protein, indigenous food products, new products from local commodities, alternatives to imported food products, machinery and equipment for processing, value chain schemes for various raw materials.
• Agricultural Preservation and Storage: Reduction of post-harvest loss, Development of storage systems for agricultural commodities, Upgrading indigenous technologies for food storage, design/fabrication of silos, commercial refrigeration systems for fruits, vegetables, fresh foods and other food items.
• Agricultural Distribution: packaging materials for food distribution, transport systems for food distribution.
• Biotechnology for crop and livestock improvement;  application of biotechnology to develop or design varieties with specific desired attributes.
• Converting waste to wealth: recycling agricultural waste.
• Crop inventory and yield forecasting, vegetation inventory/revision, planning and management including sustainable forest logging and grazing and afforestation planning
• Mapping, investigating, and monitoring pest infestation including desert locust and Quelea birds risks
• Crop performance monitoring
• Mapping, investigation monitoring of distressed crops areas and livestock

SDG 1 (No Poverty)
Rural people make up 70% of the world’s extreme poor. So, agriculture can contribute more to reducing poverty than any other sector by producing a means to livelihood.

SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)
It is the most relevant goal to agriculture. It recognises the interlinkages between supporting sustainable agriculture, empowering small farmers, promoting gender equality, and ending rural poverty. Additionally, ensuring healthy lifestyles, tackling climate change, and other issues are addressed within the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production)
Average consumption per capita will grew through 2030, even if about one-third of produced food goes to waste.

SDG 15 (Life on Land)
Improving the efficiency of farmland can help meet the demand for food and curtail the conversion of natural habitats and forests for additional cultivation.

Challenges facing the agribusiness industry include:

Environmental Impact
A significant challenge in the agriculture sector is feeding the increasing global population. In addition, it reduces the environmental impact and preserves natural resources for future generations. Agricultural activities such as livestock production with high carbon emissions and food production with high water use significantly impact the environment. Examples of negative impacts include pollution and soil, water, and air degradation. However, agriculture can positively impact the environment, for example, trapping greenhouse gases within crops and soils.

Climate Change
There are increased pressures from climate change, soil erosion and biodiversity loss. In addition, consumers’ have changing tastes in food and are concerned about its production. Plants, pests and diseases also pose their challenges. Climate change affects farmers’ ability to grow the food the world needs. Increasingly volatile weather events change growing seasons and limit the availability of water. They also allow weeds, pests and fungi to thrive and reduce crop productivity.

Soil Erosion
Soil erosion reduces the amount of land available for agriculture. In addition, the declining biodiversity affects crop pollination. As a result, farmers have to conserve water and use fewer agricultural inputs.

Demand for Quality Food 
Farmers need to produce more food of higher quality. Recently, the focus has shifted from concern about ‘enough food’ to ‘good food’. Society has rising expectations of farmers to reduce their impact on the environment, increase crops’ nutritional content, and further minimise chemical residues in yields and the environment.

Poor Infrastructure in Developing Countries. 
Farms and agribusinesses, similarly to other businesses, suffer from poor infrastructure. Examples include poor road networks, limiting farmers’ access to markets and leading to high post-harvest losses as produce is transported on these roads. Preservation of produce is also made more difficult with the inadequate power supply to operate processing machinery and storage facilities.

High post-harvest loss of food with no sufficient technologies for food preservation and hunger is prevalent. It threatens the intensification of food insecurity in developing countries. At the same time, there is a high rate of food waste in developed countries.

Depleting natural resources such as land nutrients due to widespread industrial and agricultural practices and natural disasters.

• Precision Farming with Satellites and GPS-enabled equipment
  Precision agriculture is changing farmers’ and agribusinesses’ relationship with the land they profit from. Precision agriculture collects timely geospatial information on soil-plant-animal requirements. It prescribes and applies site-specific treatments to increase agricultural production and protect the environment. Some equipment, such as GPS-enabled tractors, can operate with data for precision farming activities such as planting crops and spraying inputs.

• Digital Advisory and Extension Services
  The widespread use of digital devices has made them one of the best last-mile distribution channels for precision Farmers. The reducing number of extension practitioners in many developing nations has led to innovative digital services. It makes it possible to disseminate Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) advice to farmers. The increasing availability of low-cost smartphones makes it personalised to farmers based on their location, crop, weather and other factors to make the advice as effective as possible. Farm advisors can now also reach a wider audience of farmers by leveraging digital channels. Social media is an effective channel for farmers to share information and connect to the market.

• Market Information Systems
  It provides farmers and agribusinesses prices of commodities across markets. It helps to provide transparency in agribusiness transactions to ensure that farmers get a fair price for their produce while buyers are also not exploited. It also helps to provide insights into market trends for farmers to know when and where best to sell their produce while assisting agribusinesses in planning their purchasing.

• Artificial Intelligence
  AI has a wide variety of applications in Agriculture. It is used to extend farm machinery and digital devices so that users can use machine learning algorithms. Some of the application areas include identifying the breed of a plant or animal, diagnosing a plant’s disease from the picture of its leaf, and identifying weeds for extermination without affecting crops. These algorithms can provide farmers with real-time insights by analysing the images from their fields. In addition, it allows them to identify areas that need irrigation and the proportion for input application if needed.  

• Blockchain Technology
  The agricultural world is starting to incorporate new technology. The earliest blockchain applications in agriculture were in supply chains and traceability. In addition, crops’ status could be recorded and updated using blockchain, from harvesting through to delivery. On a larger scale, the true benefit of this is a secure, highly accurate ledger where nothing ever goes missing in transit. A specific farmer can trace all the crops in real-time. Blockchain technologies can ensure trust and alignment across the agricultural value chain. It can reduce middle man costs and allow relevant stakeholders to do business securely without even knowing each other. It can also help with food traceability.

• Internet of Things and Big Data
  There is an increase in sensors on farms used to monitor crop farms for factors such as sunlight, temperature, humidity, and soil nutrient. In livestock farming, grazing animals such as cattle now have sensors to their bodies to track their movements and health. The data from these sensors can help make well-informed agricultural production decisions for data-driven agriculture.

The field of agribusiness offers numerous career opportunities ranging from traditional farming occupations to business-related areas like marketing and finance. Education requirements vary based on an individual’s specific area of interest; careers in farming often require primarily on-the-job training. However, more business-related specialities can require undergraduate degrees. For example, students interested in marketing for agricultural companies may be able to tailor their degree in marketing toward that specialisation.

The following are careers and roles available in the Agribusiness for graduates include: Agronomy Salesperson, Renewable Energy Analyst, Agricultural Manager, Dairy Economist, Agricultural Operations specialist, Agricultural Policies specialist, Farm supervision & management, Agricultural & rural program management, Advisory & extension services; Animal and plant breeding and care, Soil science; analysis and testing, Agricultural engineering, Production supervision, Monitoring and evaluation of agricultural projects, Agricultural product marketing and sales, Technical Services Consultant, Breed, Association Representative, Field Service Specialist, Crop Production, Agricultural, Consultant, Production Advisor/Supervisor, Livestock Purchasing Agent, Ranch Management, Precision Agriculture, Commodity, Florist, and Machinery operator.

Graduates with degrees in agricultural programmes excel in other industries interested in the agriculture sector, such as banking and insurance companies. Others include manufacturing, quality assurance, and food processing. Working for international agencies and NGOs focused on the Agricultural sector also provides an opportunity for a rewarding career. 

The companies that pay the most are multinationals in commodity trading, inputs production and equipment manufacturers. The closer a company is to the final consumer in the agricultural value chain, the more the potential fraction of revenue it can earn from customers in the value chain. However, companies try to cover as many activities as possible in the chain. The highest earners in the industry are Environmental Engineers, Agronomy Sales Managers, Agricultural engineers, Food scientists, Animal geneticists, Veterinarians and Agricultural Operations managers.

1. Continual learning and Adaptation
   Farmers and agribusinesses have to continually adapt to changing conditions such as soil conditions and climate change on the farm and changing consumer tastes in the market. New varieties of crops with different farming practices also emerge, which may require farmers to adjust to new planting and growing techniques.
   
   
2. Planning and organisation
   Farms and agribusiness projects are complex projects that must be well-managed for success. For farmers and agribusiness professionals to get the most profit from their enterprise, they have to think and plan around the entire agricultural value chain. It is where planning and organisational skills are of great value. For example, raw materials (often more than one product) are transported, stored, and delivered from producer to wholesaler, considering how best to preserve them for consumers. Furthermore, labourers, farmers and machine operators rely on time management and planning skills to ensure that the crops are planted, harvested and sold using the best methods.
   
   
3. Analysis and Problem-solving
   Agriculture requires strong problem-solving skills. For example, a farmer usually seeks the best ways to increase their harvest. When adverse weather causes harvesting delays, a farmer must make effective decisions in this situation. A productive season is ensured with strong problem-solving skills regardless of unpredictable conditions.
   
   
4. Professionalism and industry awareness.
   Professional knowledge about the industry is essential for a farmer. It is to improve skills by staying up-to-date with marketing techniques, field operations, production technology and machinery. In addition, having this knowledge can help plan for short and long-term goals.
   
   
5. Networking and teamwork. Many jobs in agriculture require working with others. Farmers can leverage connections with commodity off-takers and processors for guarantees of the purchase at the best price possible before investing in production. Team members run large integrated farms and agribusinesses with specialities to ensure that the venture operates with minimal loss and maximal profit. Supply chain managers must interact with farmers who produce raw materials and deliver these goods to other clients. The clients will then send the product to another location for further processing (such as a juice factory) or directly to the consumer. 
   
   
6. Digital Proficiency. As producers and agribusinesses evolve from rain-fed to data-driven agriculture, agriculture is going increasingly digital. Digital competencies relevant to the industry are data analysis and visualisation for insights into agricultural production and markets. In addition, digital marketing through content development for consumer education and social media marketing to reach targeted customers are also relevant in the industry.

The relevant formal degrees/certifications available include; crop sciences and production, veterinary medicine; animal science, production and health; fisheries; crop science & production; agricultural administration & agribusiness; agriculture economics & extension; rural development and sociology.

Postgraduate degrees relevant to the agribusiness industry include: Agrifood Technology, Plant and Forest Biotechnology, Sustainable Aquaculture, Agronomic Engineering, Marine and Lacustrine science, Agricultural Data Management & Decision Model, Urban Agriculture and Green Cities, Aquatic Pathobiology, Agricultural Economics, Marketing & Management, and Nutrition and Rural Development.

Work experience is invaluable, and some agricultural courses will require you to have some practical farm experience as a mandatory graduation requirement. In addition, many ancillary industries also like to see people with some farm work experience. This is because they have first-hand knowledge of their customers’ practical challenges.

Professional certifications relevant to the industry include Project Management Professional Certificate. In addition, some leading agricultural institutions in the world also provide short courses for professionals in the agribusiness industry. These institutions include Universities of Agriculture, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Wageningen University & Research, Purdue University, Universidade de São Paulo, Huazhong Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, and Galilee International Management Institute.

Considering starting a farm of your own? Peri-urban areas are good locations due to the affordability of land to purchase or lease compared to land prices in cities. You will also benefit from access to power, a good road network and markets. However, they may not be constantly available in rural areas where land may be cheap. Some farming estates, where you can find farmland, are still available. Those into vegetable farming and other highly perishable produce that needs close access to markets and vertical farming/hydroponics are innovative operations requiring significant land sizes for urban agriculture. You may also consider livestock and fish farming in urban areas.

There are numerous opportunities in agribusiness beyond farming. A bulk of options in the industry are in the delivery of farm solutions to producers and value-addition to agricultural products for consumers. The largest employers in the industry are typically in one or both areas of the industry. Africa has many farmers who need solutions to make their operations more efficient and boost their productivity. These solutions range across the agricultural value chain to include advisory/extension services, soil testing, inputs, and linkage to the market. These solutions can be scaled up with digital services widely used by farmers and extended through partnerships with organisations in the Agric sector. It has led to several startups using technology to provide solutions in the industry. The success of the agency business model in the delivery of financial services is also being adopted in the industry to reach farmers in remote communities across the country effectively. 

Companies such as Flour Mills of Nigeria, Olam’s, Saro and Honeywell offer graduate training programmes. These graduate recruitment opportunities are usually promoted on social media pages and shared on job sites. You can also find options for internships in medium-sized Agribusiness companies that may not have substantial experience gaining work experience.

International development agencies like USAID, DFID, and GIZ also have active intervention projects across the agricultural value chain. It is also true for development organisations such as Chemonics, Palladium and Oxfam. They typically provide contractual opportunities (which can be renewed periodically) to work in the industry.

Farmers or agribusiness professionals do a lot of fieldwork. Large agribusinesses typically have operations, their suppliers, and their service markets distributed across the country and sometimes globally. It makes travelling a typical of working in the industry. There is also a need to continually learn and adapt to changes prompted by climate change, new technologies, changes in consumer taste, and price inflation. 

Multinational companies in the industry pay significantly better work benefits and higher salaries. Large indigenous companies in agricultural inputs and produce processing, international development agencies and companies, and venture-backed startups working in the industry also pay higher.

• International Association of Agricultural Economics
• Association for International Agriculture ​and Rural Development
• International Food and Agribusiness Management Association (IFAMA)
• Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education (AIAEE)
• Agricultural Economics Society
• International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists

Ghana
The Ghana Agricultural Associations Business and Information Centre, Ghana Agric-input Dealers Association, Farmers Organisation Network in Ghana, Peasant Farmers Association of Ghana, Apex Farmers’ Organisation of Ghana, Seed Producers of Ghana, Ghana Agricultural Chamber of Commerce, The Chamber of Agribusiness Ghana.

Kenya
Kenya National Farmers’ Federation, Kenya National Association of Agricultural Professionals, Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers’ Union, Society of Crop Agribusiness Advisors of Kenya Society, Kenya Agricultural Council, The Kenya Agribusiness and Agro-Industry Alliance (KAAA), Kenya Coffee Planters Co-operative Union, Kenya Tea Development Authority, African Seed Trade Association, Agrochemical Association of Kenya, Agriculture Employers Association, African Rural and Credit Association, , Kenya National Farmers Union

Nigeria
Nigeria Agribusiness Group (NABG)
Institute of Agribusiness Management Nigeria
Agricultural Society of Nigeria
Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria (AESON)
Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists
Youth Farmers Association of Nigeria
Rice Farmers Association of Nigeria
All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN)
Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, Young Professionals for Agricultural Development (YPARD)

South Africa
National Cotton Producers’ Organisation, National Association of Maize Millers, National emergent red meat producers organisation, National wool growers association, SA Agricultural Machinery Association, SA Animal Health Association, SA Feedlot Association, Wildlife Ranching SA, Agricultural Business Chamber (ABC), Animal Feed Manufacturers Association (AFMA), National Chamber of Milling and National Association of Maize Millers, Agri Eastern Cape, Agricultural Employers’ Organisation (AE), National Chamber of Milling.

Global
Norman Borlaug, Harry Stine, Liu Yonghao , Lynda Resnick, Andrej Babiš, Qin Yinglin

Ghana
John Koffi Mensah, Alloysius Attah, Yvette Tettey, Seyram Mantey, Prince Asamoah, Salma Abdulai, Kamasa Dorothy

Kenya
Lucy Muchoki, Jamila Abass, Ivy Kimani, Catherine Mahugu, Emmastella Gakuo, John Oroko, Pius Ngugi

Nigeria
Akinwumi Adesina, Abubakar Sadiq, Mohammed Falalu, Ibrahim Maigari of RiceAfrika, Kola Masha of Babban Gona

South Africa
Thatho Moagi, Leeko Mokoena, Jason Drew, Mmabatho Morudi, Jacky Goliath.

International
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), World Food Programme (WFP), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Ghana
Ministry of Food and Agriculture

Kenya
The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries (MOALF), Kenya Agriculture Research institute (KARI), International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange, Kenya Flower Council

Nigeria
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS), National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), National Agricultural Extension, Research and Liaison Services (NAILS), National Veterinary Research Inst (NVRI), Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC), National Root Crops Research Institute (NCRI) Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria Nigerian (ARCN), National Agricultural Seeds Council (NASC), Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (IOMR), Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI), Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)

South Africa
National Department of Agriculture, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CABI), Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC), Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD), Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa, Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB).

These include companies in food production, produce trading and processing of food and chemicals for industrial use:

Globally/International
Big Dutchman, Nutrien, CNH Industrial NV, Deere & Company, Bayer AG, Archer Daniels, Dow Du Pont, Cargill, AGCO Corporation, Kubota, Mahindra & Mahindra, Case IH, Sonalika International, Fendt, Deutz Fahr, Claas, Corteva Agriscience, Limagrain, Rijk Zwaan, East-West Seed, Advanta, Louis Dreyfus, S.G.S S.A, Adama Agricultural Solutions, FMC Corporation, Nufarm, Evonik, Pioneer, Covestro, Clariant AG, Yara International, Nutrien, and Sumitomo Chemical

Ghana
Agrocenta, AgroInnova, Complete Farmer, Farmerline, Grow For Me, West Africa Agro-tech Company Ghana Ltd, Agro Africa Limited, Ghana Agribusiness Centre, Ansu Pramag Farms Limited, Dizengoff Ghana Ltd, Agricultural manufacturing group limited, Chromatin Agro Company Limited, SocialFarm Ghana, Groital Farms, Agritech Ghana Limited, Widex, Agro Kings Ltd, Ghana Commercial Agriculture, QualiTrace, eGro Ghana Ltd, aîScarecrow Technologies, FullStalk, Timtooni, EcoWillow Ghana, Wyn-Bg, KayaApp Grocery, Onpoint Moi Limited, Sankofa Maize Connect limited, Harmony Agro Business Services, Kastaga Ltd, Orchard Industrial Company Ltd, Shedharv Agro Company Ltd, TroTro Tractor, ECOM Ghana.

Kenya
Kakuzi, Sasini, Vegpro Kenya, Syngenta, Elgon Kenya ltd, Eaagads limited, health inspectorate service, Ketepa, Finlays, Kenya nut company, Amiran Kenya, Agro-chemical & food company, ecological organic agriculture, bright house consultancy, Tenses Africa, Agripro focus Kenya, Hortipro Kenya, Apollo agriculture, Twiga foods, Komaza, Sunculture, Shamba pride, Tulaa, Future pump, Farmshine, Pula, Selina Wamucii, iProcure

Nigeria
BASF West Africa, Mebo Farms, BUA Food, Flour Mills of Nigeria, Dangote Group, Honeywell Flour Mills, Niji Farms, L&Z Milk, Aace Foods, Okomu Oil, Presco, Wacot, Saro Agro, AFEX, Notore Chemical Industries Limited, Zartech, Ajanta Farms, Agritec, Tuns farm, Natnudo, Skretting, Durante, Dizengoff, Seedco, Nosak Farm, Stallion Farm, Okomu Oil, Golden Oil Industries Ltd, Livestock Feeds, Adom AgroAllied, Hybrid Feeds, Godbreed Company Ltd, Afri Agri, Oasis Farms & Agro Services Ltd, Ladgroup, Chifam Investment, BIC Farms, African Agro, Alphayel, Biostadt, Harvestfield Industries, Hermonwell Company Ltd, OCP Africa, Primegold Chemical Industries Ltd, African Fertilizer and Chemicals Nigeria Ltd, Amends Agriculture Ltd, Comfort Agro Chemical Nigeria Ltd, Jubali Agrotec, Olam, Babban Gona, Indorama, AgroMall, Multichem, Amarshal Agro & Tech Ltd, Savannah Fertilizer Services Company Ltd, TAK Agro, Farmforte Agro-Allied Solutions Ltd, Mebo Farms, AgroMall, Agricorp International, Livestock 247

Startups
Esoko, Thrive Agric, Farmcrowdy, HelloTractor, Coldhub, Ecotutu, Apollo Agriculture, Releaf, Afrimash, Footlocker and Twiga Foods.

South Africa
Cargill, UPL Ltd., Syngenta ZA, Sime Darby Tiger Brands, Pioneer foods group,  Astral Foods, Anglovaal Industries, Rainbow Chicken, Clover Holdings, Timac AGRO South Africa, REBELO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, Agro-Organics, ZZ2 Natuur Boerdery, Donald Brown Group of Companies, AgriProtein, Aerobotic, Khula, Nile, SwiftVee, AgriLED, AgriCool, Agri-Intel, Cultura Fresh, HelloChoice.

Publications

FarmersWeekly
AgroNigeria
AgroBusiness Times Nigeria
Africa Farming
African Farming

Events

Agra Innovate (Lagos)
First Bank Agric Expo (Lagos)
AgrikExpo (Abuja)
Agribusiness Summit

Podcasts
Sparks; Career in Agribusiness
Down to Agribusiness
Future of Agriculture
Successful Farming podcast

Books
The Man Who Fed the World: Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug and His Battle to End World Hunger: An Authorised Biography
Agribusiness Management
Stuffed And Starved: Markets, Power And The Hidden Battle For The World Food System

Movies and TV Series
Seed, the untold story 
At Any Price
Country
Queen Sugar
The Real Dirt on Farmer John
Farmland